Alternative energy resources :
Kruger, Paul, 1925-
Alternative energy resources : the quest for sustainable energy / Paul Kruger. - Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley, c2006. - xxiv, 248 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Human ecology on spaceship earth -- Introduction -- Axiom 1 -- Axiom 2 -- Axiom 3 -- Philosophical questions for the quest -- Development of human ecology -- Major ages in human history -- The biosphere : "spaceship earth" -- Limits to growth -- Summary -- References -- The unending quest for abundant energy -- Historic perspective -- Characteristics of an industrial nation -- Flow of abundant energy -- Capital and income energy resources -- Exponential growth dynamics -- Linear growth -- Exponential growth -- Doubling time -- Exponential growth scenarios -- Calculation of growth rates by regression analysis -- Current growth in energy consumption -- Trends in energy consumption -- Energy intensity -- Projections of energy intensities -- Projections of future energy consumption -- Summary -- References -- 1. 1.0. 1.01. 1.02. 1.03. 1.04. 1.1. 1.11. 1.12. 1.13. 1.2. 2. 2.0. 2.1. 2.11. 2.12. 2.2. 2.21. 2.22. 2.23. 2.24. 2.25. 2.3. 2.31. 2.32. 2.33. 2.34. 2.4. The fossil fuel era -- Historic perspective -- Fossil fuel consumption in the United States since 1900 -- Fossil fuels -- Coal -- Heating value of coal -- Crude oil -- Natural gas -- Forecast of U.S. energy consumption through 2025 -- How long will fossil fuels last? -- Estimation of fossil fuel reserves -- The McKelvey diagram -- Production of a finite resource -- The logistic production curve method -- Growth of fossil fuel demand for generation of electricity -- Summary -- References -- Sustainability of energy resources -- Sustainable economic development -- Indicators for sustainable energy development -- Sustainable energy supply -- Sustainability of electric energy demand -- The electronic way of life -- A continental superconducting grid -- The hydrogen fuel era -- Natural gas in sustainable energy supply -- Petrochemical use of natural gas -- Growth of natural gas consumption in the United States -- Forecast of natural gas consumption through 2025 -- Natural gas supply and reserves -- Natural gas commitment for electric power generation -- Sustainability of natural gas as an energy resource -- Non-fossil energy resources -- Growth of alternate (non-fossil) energy use -- Forecast of Non-fossil energy supply -- Summary -- References -- 3. 3.0. 3.01. 3.1. 3.11. 3.12. 3.13. 3.14. 3.2. 3.3. 3.31. 3.32. 3.33. 3.34. 3.4. 3.5. 4. 4.0. 4.01. 4.02. 4.1. 4.11. 4.12. 4.13. 4.2. 4.21. 4.22. 4.23. 4.24. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.51. 4.52. 4.6. Environmental impact of energy consumption -- Historic perspective -- Basics of environmental impact -- Relationship between magnitude and severity -- Consequences of environmental threat -- A hypothetical example of magnitude-severity analysis -- The saga of the greenhouse effect -- Components of the saga -- Local air pollution from automobile exhaust -- Environmental impact of smog -- Nitrogen oxides in photochemical "smog" -- Magnitude-severity aspects of nitrogen oxides -- Value of air quality improvement in transportation -- Some data for the Los Angeles air basin -- Summary -- References -- The nuclear energy era -- Historic perspective -- Basic elements of nuclear science -- The atomic nucleus -- Isotopic composition and abundance -- Atomic mass -- Equivalence of mass and energy -- Binding energy -- Nuclear stability -- Types of radioactive decay -- Properties of radionuclides -- Basic elements of nuclear power -- Nuclear fission -- Available energy from uranium fuel -- Nuclear power reactors -- The light-water uranium fuel cycle -- Generation IV nuclear reactors -- Nuclear safety -- Nuclear waste -- The Oklo natural nuclear reactors on earth -- Thermonuclear fusion -- Summary -- References -- 5. 5.0. 5.1. 5.11. 5.12. 5.13. 5.2. 5.21. 5.3. 5.31. 5.32. 5.33. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6. 6. 6.0. 6.1. 6.11. 6.12. 6.13. 6.14. 6.15. 6.16. 6.17. 6.18. 6.2. 6.21. 6.22. 6.23. 6.24. 6.25. 6.26. 6.27. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. Renewable energy resources -- Renewable energy -- Types of renewable energy -- Consumption of renewable energy -- Hydroelectric power -- Solar energy -- The solar constant -- Solar energy "reserves" -- Solar electricity -- Wind energy -- Wind power rate -- Wind turbine conversion efficiency -- The wind energy resource -- Estimated cost of wind power -- Biomass energy -- The solar biomass resource -- Biomass conversion processes -- Environmental aspects of bioenergy fuels -- Other renewable resources -- Tidal energy -- Geothermal energy -- Summary -- References -- Hydrogen as an energy carrier -- Historic perspective -- Physical nature of hydrogen -- Chemical nature of hydrogen -- Energetics of hydrogen -- Hydrogen and electricity as parallel energy carriers -- Why hydrogen? -- Competitive uses for hydrogen -- The hydrogen energy fuel cycle -- Hydrogen production -- A wee-bit of electrochemistry -- hydrogen storage -- Distribution of hydrogen -- End uses for hydrogen fuel -- Cost factors of hydrogen fuel -- Summary -- References -- 7. 7.0. 7.01. 7.02. 7.1. 7.2. 7.21. 7.22. 7.23. 7.3. 7.31. 7.32. 7.33. 7.34. 7.4. 7.41. 7.42. 7.43. 7.5. 7.51. 7.52. 7.6. 8. 8.0. 8.01. 8.02. 8.03. 8.1. 8.11. 8.12. 8.2. 8.21. 8.21a. 8.22. 8.23. 8.24. 8.25. 8.3. Hydrogen as a transportation fuel -- Historic perspective -- Hydrogen fuel in aviation -- Hydrogen fuel in marine propulsion -- Hydrogen fuel cells in vehicle transportation -- Just what is a fuel cell? -- A wee-bit of thermodynamics -- Aspects of hydrogen as a transportation fuel -- Hydrogen fuel vehicles by application type -- Hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles -- Characteristics of alternate fuels for fuel cells -- Methanol as a fuel for fuel cells -- Natural gas as a transportation fuel -- What more is needed? -- Summary -- References -- The hydrogen fuel era -- Perspective of an era -- Potential for air quality improvement -- Emission standards -- Factors that effect vehicle emissions -- History of California emission standards -- Modeling health benefit from hydrogen fuel transportation -- Model development for the three-city hydrogen air quality study -- The metropolitan Tokyo air quality study -- Electric energy requirement for hydrogen fuel -- Extrapolation of historic transportation fuel data to 2010 -- Growth of demand for hydrogen fuel and electric energy : 2010-2050 -- Prospects for the future of sustainable energy supply -- Potential distribution of energy resources -- Possibilities to resolve the impasse -- Wrap-up -- Summary -- References. 9. 9.0. 9.01. 9.02. 9.1. 9.11. 9.12. 9.13. 9.14. 9.2. 9.21. 9.22. 9.23. 9.3. 9.4. 10. 10.0. 10.1. 10.11. 10.12. 10.13. 10.2. 10.21. 10.22. 10.3. 10.31. 10.32. 10.4. 10.41. 10.42. 10.5. 10.6.
0471772089 (cloth) 9780471772088 (cloth)
2005021362
GBA604113 bnb
013354460 Uk
Renewable energy sources.
Energy policy.
TJ808 / .K78 2006
621.042
Alternative energy resources : the quest for sustainable energy / Paul Kruger. - Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley, c2006. - xxiv, 248 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Human ecology on spaceship earth -- Introduction -- Axiom 1 -- Axiom 2 -- Axiom 3 -- Philosophical questions for the quest -- Development of human ecology -- Major ages in human history -- The biosphere : "spaceship earth" -- Limits to growth -- Summary -- References -- The unending quest for abundant energy -- Historic perspective -- Characteristics of an industrial nation -- Flow of abundant energy -- Capital and income energy resources -- Exponential growth dynamics -- Linear growth -- Exponential growth -- Doubling time -- Exponential growth scenarios -- Calculation of growth rates by regression analysis -- Current growth in energy consumption -- Trends in energy consumption -- Energy intensity -- Projections of energy intensities -- Projections of future energy consumption -- Summary -- References -- 1. 1.0. 1.01. 1.02. 1.03. 1.04. 1.1. 1.11. 1.12. 1.13. 1.2. 2. 2.0. 2.1. 2.11. 2.12. 2.2. 2.21. 2.22. 2.23. 2.24. 2.25. 2.3. 2.31. 2.32. 2.33. 2.34. 2.4. The fossil fuel era -- Historic perspective -- Fossil fuel consumption in the United States since 1900 -- Fossil fuels -- Coal -- Heating value of coal -- Crude oil -- Natural gas -- Forecast of U.S. energy consumption through 2025 -- How long will fossil fuels last? -- Estimation of fossil fuel reserves -- The McKelvey diagram -- Production of a finite resource -- The logistic production curve method -- Growth of fossil fuel demand for generation of electricity -- Summary -- References -- Sustainability of energy resources -- Sustainable economic development -- Indicators for sustainable energy development -- Sustainable energy supply -- Sustainability of electric energy demand -- The electronic way of life -- A continental superconducting grid -- The hydrogen fuel era -- Natural gas in sustainable energy supply -- Petrochemical use of natural gas -- Growth of natural gas consumption in the United States -- Forecast of natural gas consumption through 2025 -- Natural gas supply and reserves -- Natural gas commitment for electric power generation -- Sustainability of natural gas as an energy resource -- Non-fossil energy resources -- Growth of alternate (non-fossil) energy use -- Forecast of Non-fossil energy supply -- Summary -- References -- 3. 3.0. 3.01. 3.1. 3.11. 3.12. 3.13. 3.14. 3.2. 3.3. 3.31. 3.32. 3.33. 3.34. 3.4. 3.5. 4. 4.0. 4.01. 4.02. 4.1. 4.11. 4.12. 4.13. 4.2. 4.21. 4.22. 4.23. 4.24. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.51. 4.52. 4.6. Environmental impact of energy consumption -- Historic perspective -- Basics of environmental impact -- Relationship between magnitude and severity -- Consequences of environmental threat -- A hypothetical example of magnitude-severity analysis -- The saga of the greenhouse effect -- Components of the saga -- Local air pollution from automobile exhaust -- Environmental impact of smog -- Nitrogen oxides in photochemical "smog" -- Magnitude-severity aspects of nitrogen oxides -- Value of air quality improvement in transportation -- Some data for the Los Angeles air basin -- Summary -- References -- The nuclear energy era -- Historic perspective -- Basic elements of nuclear science -- The atomic nucleus -- Isotopic composition and abundance -- Atomic mass -- Equivalence of mass and energy -- Binding energy -- Nuclear stability -- Types of radioactive decay -- Properties of radionuclides -- Basic elements of nuclear power -- Nuclear fission -- Available energy from uranium fuel -- Nuclear power reactors -- The light-water uranium fuel cycle -- Generation IV nuclear reactors -- Nuclear safety -- Nuclear waste -- The Oklo natural nuclear reactors on earth -- Thermonuclear fusion -- Summary -- References -- 5. 5.0. 5.1. 5.11. 5.12. 5.13. 5.2. 5.21. 5.3. 5.31. 5.32. 5.33. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6. 6. 6.0. 6.1. 6.11. 6.12. 6.13. 6.14. 6.15. 6.16. 6.17. 6.18. 6.2. 6.21. 6.22. 6.23. 6.24. 6.25. 6.26. 6.27. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. Renewable energy resources -- Renewable energy -- Types of renewable energy -- Consumption of renewable energy -- Hydroelectric power -- Solar energy -- The solar constant -- Solar energy "reserves" -- Solar electricity -- Wind energy -- Wind power rate -- Wind turbine conversion efficiency -- The wind energy resource -- Estimated cost of wind power -- Biomass energy -- The solar biomass resource -- Biomass conversion processes -- Environmental aspects of bioenergy fuels -- Other renewable resources -- Tidal energy -- Geothermal energy -- Summary -- References -- Hydrogen as an energy carrier -- Historic perspective -- Physical nature of hydrogen -- Chemical nature of hydrogen -- Energetics of hydrogen -- Hydrogen and electricity as parallel energy carriers -- Why hydrogen? -- Competitive uses for hydrogen -- The hydrogen energy fuel cycle -- Hydrogen production -- A wee-bit of electrochemistry -- hydrogen storage -- Distribution of hydrogen -- End uses for hydrogen fuel -- Cost factors of hydrogen fuel -- Summary -- References -- 7. 7.0. 7.01. 7.02. 7.1. 7.2. 7.21. 7.22. 7.23. 7.3. 7.31. 7.32. 7.33. 7.34. 7.4. 7.41. 7.42. 7.43. 7.5. 7.51. 7.52. 7.6. 8. 8.0. 8.01. 8.02. 8.03. 8.1. 8.11. 8.12. 8.2. 8.21. 8.21a. 8.22. 8.23. 8.24. 8.25. 8.3. Hydrogen as a transportation fuel -- Historic perspective -- Hydrogen fuel in aviation -- Hydrogen fuel in marine propulsion -- Hydrogen fuel cells in vehicle transportation -- Just what is a fuel cell? -- A wee-bit of thermodynamics -- Aspects of hydrogen as a transportation fuel -- Hydrogen fuel vehicles by application type -- Hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles -- Characteristics of alternate fuels for fuel cells -- Methanol as a fuel for fuel cells -- Natural gas as a transportation fuel -- What more is needed? -- Summary -- References -- The hydrogen fuel era -- Perspective of an era -- Potential for air quality improvement -- Emission standards -- Factors that effect vehicle emissions -- History of California emission standards -- Modeling health benefit from hydrogen fuel transportation -- Model development for the three-city hydrogen air quality study -- The metropolitan Tokyo air quality study -- Electric energy requirement for hydrogen fuel -- Extrapolation of historic transportation fuel data to 2010 -- Growth of demand for hydrogen fuel and electric energy : 2010-2050 -- Prospects for the future of sustainable energy supply -- Potential distribution of energy resources -- Possibilities to resolve the impasse -- Wrap-up -- Summary -- References. 9. 9.0. 9.01. 9.02. 9.1. 9.11. 9.12. 9.13. 9.14. 9.2. 9.21. 9.22. 9.23. 9.3. 9.4. 10. 10.0. 10.1. 10.11. 10.12. 10.13. 10.2. 10.21. 10.22. 10.3. 10.31. 10.32. 10.4. 10.41. 10.42. 10.5. 10.6.
0471772089 (cloth) 9780471772088 (cloth)
2005021362
GBA604113 bnb
013354460 Uk
Renewable energy sources.
Energy policy.
TJ808 / .K78 2006
621.042